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The Ashigaru were foot soldiers who served as the backbone of feudal Japanese armies, particularly prominent during the Sengoku period (1467-1603). Originally, Ashigaru were peasant conscripts, but over time, they evolved into a more professional and better-equipped infantry force. They were primarily armed with spears, bows, and later, matchlock guns (arquebuses), introduced by the Portuguese in the 16th century. The Ashigaru played a crucial role in many battles, their numbers and newly adopted firearms helping to shift the balance of power from samurai warriors to daimyo (feudal lords) who could afford to maintain large armies. As the warring states period ended and the Tokugawa shogunate established a more stable society, the Ashigaru transitioned into other roles, including town guards and police, reflecting their importance and integration into the military and social structure of feudal Japan.