History of Finland
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Finland's history is marked by its position between East and West. Inhabited since the Ice Age, it was part of the Swedish kingdom from the 12th century until 1809, when it became an autonomous Grand Duchy under Russian control. During this period, Finnish national identity grew, with increased use of the Finnish language and a cultural awakening. Finland declared independence from Russia in 1917 after the Bolshevik Revolution. A civil war followed, leading to a republican government. Finland fought two wars against the Soviet Union during World War II, retaining its independence but losing territory. Post-war, Finland maintained neutrality, balancing relations between the East and West during the Cold War. It joined the European Union in 1995 and has continued to thrive as a prosperous, democratic nation.
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