This “fresh and compelling” study sheds light on the dramatic military, political, and cultural forces that led Greece to liberation in the 19th century (Wall Street Journal). In The Greek War of Independence, Oxford scholar David Brewer presents a vividly detailed and comprehensive study of one of history’s most heroic and bloody struggles for independence. This was the revolution of the Romantic Age, inspiring painters, poets, and patriots the world over, fired as much by Lord Byron's ringing words and Delacroix's brilliant paintings as by Greece's seemingly hopeless plight. For nearly four hundred years, the Ottoman Turks governed Greece, subjecting the country to crushing and arbitrary tax burdens and its peasants to serfdom. The glories of the ancient past were gone, and under Turkish rule Greece was poor and backward. But inspired by the examples of the American and French revolutions, Napoleon's victories, and the Latin American wars of liberation, the Greek people rose up against their Turkish masters in 1821. Over the course of twelve brutal years—a time of terrible violence and bloody massacre—the Greeks and the foreign volunteers who flocked to their cause fought until independence was won in 1833.

The Greek War of Independence

Winner of the Duff Cooper Prize • One of The Economist's top history books of the year From one of our leading historians, an important new history of the Greek War of Independence—the ultimate worldwide liberal cause célèbre of the age of Byron, Europe’s first nationalist uprising, and the beginning of the downward spiral of the Ottoman Empire—published two hundred years after its outbreak As Mark Mazower shows us in his enthralling and definitive new account, myths about the Greek War of Independence outpaced the facts from the very beginning, and for good reason. This was an unlikely cause, against long odds, a disorganized collection of Greek patriots up against what was still one of the most storied empires in the world, the Ottomans. The revolutionaries needed all the help they could get. And they got it as Europeans and Americans embraced the idea that the heirs to ancient Greece, the wellspring of Western civilization, were fighting for their freedom against the proverbial Eastern despot, the Turkish sultan. This was Christianity versus Islam, now given urgency by new ideas about the nation-state and democracy that were shaking up the old order. Lord Byron is only the most famous of the combatants who went to Greece to fight and die—along with many more who followed events passionately and supported the cause through art, music, and humanitarian aid. To many who did go, it was a rude awakening to find that the Greeks were a far cry from their illustrious forebears, and were often hard to tell apart from the Ottomans. Mazower does full justice to the realities on the ground as a revolutionary conspiracy triggered outright rebellion, and a fraying and distracted Ottoman leadership first missed the plot and then overreacted disastrously. He shows how and why ethnic cleansing commenced almost immediately on both sides. By the time the dust settled, Greece was free, and Europe was changed forever. It was a victory for a completely new kind of politics—international in its range and affiliations, popular in its origins, romantic in sentiment, and radical in its goals. It was here on the very edge of Europe that the first successful revolution took place in which a people claimed liberty for themselves and overthrew an entire empire to attain it, transforming diplomatic norms and the direction of European politics forever, and inaugurating a new world of nation-states, the world in which we still live.

The Greek Revolution

This book marks the 200-year anniversary of uprisings in the Ottoman Balkans between February and March 1821, which became known in the West as the beginnings of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), and led to the formation of the modern Greek state. It explores the war and its impact on societies involved by delving into the myths that surround it, the realities that have often been ignored or suppressed, and its lasting legacies on national identities and histories. It also explores memory and commemoration in Greece, in other countries impacted, and the Greek diaspora. This book offers a fresh perspective on this pivotal event in Greek, Ottoman, Balkan, Mediterranean, European, and world histories. It presents new research and reflections to connect the war to wider history and to understand its importance across the last 200 years.

New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1973.

The Greek Struggle for Independence 1821-1833

Winner of the 2022 London Hellenic Prize On the bicentennial of the Greek Revolution, an essential guide to the momentous war for independence of the Greeks from the Ottoman Empire. The Greek war for independence (1821–1830) often goes missing from discussion of the Age of Revolutions. Yet the rebellion against Ottoman rule was enormously influential in its time, and its resonances are felt across modern history. The Greeks inspired others to throw off the oppression that developed in the backlash to the French Revolution. And Europeans in general were hardly blind to the sight of Christian subjects toppling Muslim rulers. In this collection of essays, Paschalis Kitromilides and Constantinos Tsoukalas bring together scholars writing on the many facets of the Greek Revolution and placing it squarely within the revolutionary age. An impressive roster of contributors traces the revolution as it unfolded and analyzes its regional and transnational repercussions, including the Romanian and Serbian revolts that spread the spirit of the Greek uprising through the Balkans. The essays also elucidate religious and cultural dimensions of Greek nationalism, including the power of the Orthodox church. One essay looks at the triumph of the idea of a Greek “homeland,” which bound the Greek diaspora—and its financial contributions—to the revolutionary cause. Another essay examines the Ottoman response, involving a series of reforms to the imperial military and allegiance system. Noted scholars cover major figures of the revolution; events as they were interpreted in the press, art, literature, and music; and the impact of intellectual movements such as philhellenism and the Enlightenment. Authoritative and accessible, The Greek Revolution confirms the profound political significance and long-lasting cultural legacies of a pivotal event in world history.

A detailed study of American policies and attitudes during the War of Greek Independence.

The United States and the Greek War for Independence, 1821-1828

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The War of Greek Independence, 1821-1833

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The War of Greek Independence, 1821 to 1833

Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject History Europe - Other Countries - Modern Times, Absolutism, Industrialization, grade: very good, University of Essex (Department of History), course: Comparative Nationalism in Europe, 19 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Armed uprisings, revolutions or civil wars do not come out of the blue. But what were the main reasons of the Greek war of independence? Some scholars have tried to explain this event as a war of national liberation, driven by a strong national identity amongst the Greek population. This essay intends to challenge such explanatory models by exploring the very diversity and heterogeneity of the several social groups within the movement for an independent Greek nation state.

The Greek struggle for independence

Published in 1833, this comprehensive two-volume history of the Greek Revolution draws upon Army officer Thomas Gordon's personal experiences.

History of the Greek Revolution

The Greek Revolution in the Age of Revolutions (1776-1848) brings together twenty-one scholars and a host of original ideas, revisionist arguments, and new information to mark the bicentennial of the Greek Revolution of 1821. The purpose of this volume is to demonstrate the significance of the Greek liberation struggle to international history, and to highlight how it was a turning point that signalled the revival of revolution in Europe after the defeat of the French Revolution in 1815. It argues that the sacrifices of rebellious Greeks paved the way for other resistance movements in European politics, culminating in the ‘spring of European peoples’ in 1848. Richly researched and innovative in approach, this volume also considers the diplomatic and transnational aspects of the insurrection, and examines hitherto unexplored dimensions of revolutionary change in the Greek world. This book will appeal to scholars and students of the Age of Revolution, as well as those interested in comparative and transnational history, political theory and constitutional law.

The Greek Revolution in the Age of Revolutions (1776-1848)

The Greek struggle against Ottoman rule was a crucial event in the history and politics of nineteenth-century Europe. In particular it had a strong impact on the political and cultural life of France during the Bourbon Restoration, where it was appropriated and promoted as the symbolic spearhead of liberal ideas and of the growing Romantic rebellion. This book by Nina Athanassoglou-Kallmyer examines the French paintings, prints, and sculptures inspired by the Greek War of Independence. Athanassoglou-Kallmyer reinterprets important works by the foremost exponents of the Romantic movement - including Delacroix, Gericault, Horace Vernet, Ary Scheffer, and David d’Angers - showing how they viewed the Greek struggle as a setting for the opposing forces of conservatism and liberalism. She explains that, far from being mere pictorial records of specific war episodes such as the massacre at Chios or the fall of Missolonghi, images of the clashes between Greeks and Turks reflected the mottos and arguments of the French liberal propaganda echoed as well by contemporary newspapers, parliamentary debates, broadsides, pamphlets, popular plays, and poems.

French Images from the Greek War of Independence (1821-1830)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

In Greek Waters

﻿It has been called the age of revolution. The white heat of it came in the decades either side of the year 1800. But it lasted a full century: from the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 to the great national unifications of Germany and Italy during the 1860s. Right in the middle of this long age of revolution and, as it turns out, the pivotal point within it, comes the Greek Revolution that broke out in the spring of 1821. Historians have been slow to recognise the key role of the Greek uprising in 1821, and the international recognition of Greece as a sovereign, independent state nine years later, in 1830, in this process that did so much to shape the geopolitics of the European continent, and indeed of much of the world. This little book sets out to explain what happened during these nine years to bring about such far-reaching (and surely unanticipated) consequences, and why the full significance of these events is only now coming to be appreciated, two hundred years later.

﻿the Greek Revolution of 1821 and Its Global Significance

Welcome to 1821: Ten Remarkable Heroes and Heroines in the Greek War of Independence. This book contains ten concise and compelling biographies of some of the most well-known and respected male and female fighters during the Greek people's fight for independence that began in 1821. These heroes and heroines not only took up arms against great odds, many times suffering severe setbacks, but in some cases spent their entire family fortunes to buy ships, arms, clothing and food for the fighters. The great men and women featured in this book are Theodoros Kolokotronis, Markos Botsaris, Laskarina Bouboulina, Konstantinos Kanaris, Manto Mavrogenous, Georgios Karaiskakis, Eleni Vassou, Andreas Miaoulis, Stavriana Savvaina, and Nikitas Stamatelopoulos, better known as Nikitaras. If you're interested in reading about this legendary struggle through the stories of some of the key figures that ultimately led to Greece's independence from the Ottoman Empire in the early nineteenth century, then this book is for you. Order your copy today!

1821

Edward Blaquiere (1779-1832) was influenced by the liberal philosophy of Jeremy Bentham, and in 1823 helped form the London Greek Committee to raise money for the Greek war of independence. In this 1824 book, Blaquiere describes recent events in Greece, emphasising his credentials as an eyewitness.

History Of The Greek Revolution

Samuel Gridley Howe was an American physician and humanitarian who became involved in the Greek War of Independence in the 1820s. This book presents his letters and journals from that time, offering a fascinating glimpse into his experiences and perspectives. Edited and compiled by Franklin Benjamin Sanborn. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Letters & Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe During the Greek Revolution

The Struggle for Greek Independence

An Historical Outline of the Greek Revolution

Memoirs from the Greek War of Independence, 1821-1833

The Greek War of Independence, which spanned from 1821 to 1829, was a pivotal conflict that marked Greece's successful struggle to break free from Ottoman rule. Fueled by nationalist fervor and inspired by the ideals of the Enlightenment, Greek revolutionaries fought for their sovereignty and cultural heritage. This historic uprising ultimately led to the establishment of the modern Greek state and garnered international support, reshaping the geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean. The Greek War of Independence remains a symbol of determination and the pursuit of self-determination, resonating with those who seek freedom and independence worldwide.