This volume analyzes the recurring form of warrior government known as the Bakufu (or shogunate) that ruled Japan for nearly 700 years. All the essays in this collection clarify aspects of Japanese political tradition that have been neglected by Western writers, and point out alternatives to already stated views.

The Bakufu in Japanese History

"The essential guide for anyone undertaking the study of medieval Japan."—From the Foreword by Takeuchi Rizo. This pioneering guide to the content and use of documents in the study of medieval Japan has two parts. Part I consists of translations, arranged by topic with annotation and running commentary, of 177 edicts and land records from the time of Japan's Kamakura shogunate (1180-1333). The documents illustrate the patterns of authority, bureaucracy, and justice that emerged under Japan's first warrior government, with emphasis on the appointment of local officials and the curbing of local ambitions. The translations are offered for the historical record and as a demonstration of how medieval sources can be used by historians. Part II is an annotated and geographically classified Bibliography of nearly 600 books and articles in Japanese that present the texts of official documents (komonjo) issued from earliest times to 1600. No comparable bibliography exists even in Japanese. The work includes explanatory introductions, a glossary of terms and phrases used in the documents, alphabetical and chronological indexes of the documents and sources, and photographs of representative original documents, with comments on format and style.

The Kamakura Bakufu

This book is a much expanded and wholly rewritten treatment of the subject of the author's first book, Warrior Government in Early Medieval Japan, published in 1974. In this new version, the "warrior" and "medieval" character of Japan's first shogunate is significantly de-emphasized, thus requiring not only a new title, but also a new book. The author's new view of the final decades of twelfth-century Japan is one of a less revolutionary set of experiences and a smaller achievement overall than previously thought. The pivotal figure, Minamoto Yoritomo, retains his dominant role in establishing the "dual polity" of Court and Bakufu, but his successes are now explained in terms of more limited objectives. A new regime was fit into an environment that was still basically healthy and vibrant, leading not to the substitution of one government for another, but rather to the emergence of a new authority that would have to interact with the old. The book aims to present a dual perspective on the period by juxtaposing what we know against our best possible estimate of what Yoritomo himself knew. It is deeply concerned with the multiple balancing acts introduced by this ever nimble experimenter in governing, who was forever seeking to determine, and then to promote, what would work while curtailing or eliminating what would not. The author seeks to recreate step-by-step the movement from one historical juncture to another, whether this means adapting already available information, building anew, or working with combinations of materials. Throughout, the book addresses new topics and offers many new interpretations on subjects as wide-ranging as the 1189 military campaign in the north and the phenomenon of delegated authority.

Yoritomo and the Founding of the First Bakufu

Authorizing the Shogunate is a study of the symbolic construction of warrior order in the Heike monogatari corpus.

Authorizing the Shogunate

A comprehensive view of how the Samurai and Shoguns lived in Japan, their discipline and battle gear as well as other facts about typical behavior.

What Life was Like Among Samurai and Shoguns

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1977.

Japan in the Muromachi Age

The author describes the Sankin Kōtai System,a policy institututed by the Tokugawa shoguns requiring alternate year residency of daimyōs in Edo. It's aim was to exert control on the feudal lords.

Feudal Control in Tokugawa Japan

Shogunate Japan

Arai Hakuseki, advisor to the sixth and seventh Tokugawa shogun, played an important role in Japanese politics between 1709 and 1716, during an era of large changes in the bakufu. He participated in major policy decisions on currency, foreign trade, and local administration, while simultaneously trying to enhance the shogun's authority both within the bakufu and as a national ruler. The following shogun retained Hakuseki's fiscal and trade policies, but promptly reversed those measures designed to make the shogun a king-like figure. Nakai examines these successes and failures against the background of the time, especially the bifurcated and ambiguous distribution of authority between the Tokugawa shogun and the tenno in Kyoto. She also traces the influence of Confucian political theory on Hakuseki's program and on his defense of that program in the face of criticism. Nakai draws upon Hakuseki's autobiography and diary and the reportorial letters of a contemporary for Hakuseki's political activities, and on Hakuseki's historical works and memorials for the theoretical basis for his programs, rooted in Confucianism. llustrative and lively translations from Hakuseki enrich the book, helping to portray a multi-faceted personality who managed to blend practical politics and Confucian idealism within the complicated and dynamic environment of the early-eighteenth-century bakufu.

Shogunal Politics

With over 60 contributions, The Tokugawa World presents the latest scholarship on early modern Japan from an international team of specialists in a volume that is unmatched in its breadth and scope. In its early modern period, under the Tokugawa shoguns, Japan was a world apart. For over two centuries the shogun’s subjects were forbidden to travel abroad and few outsiders were admitted. Yet in this period, Japan evolved as a nascent capitalist society that could rapidly adjust to its incorporation into the world system after its forced "opening" in the 1850s. The Tokugawa World demonstrates how Japan’s early modern society took shape and evolved: a world of low and high cultures, comic books and Confucian academies, soba restaurants and imperial music recitals, rigid enforcement of social hierarchy yet also ongoing resistance to class oppression. A world of outcasts, puppeteers, herbal doctors, samurai officials, businesswomen, scientists, scholars, blind lutenists, peasant rebels, tea-masters, sumo wrestlers, and wage workers. Covering a variety of features of the Tokugawa world including the physical landscape, economy, art and literature, religion and thought, and education and science, this volume is essential reading for all students and scholars of early modern Japan.

The Tokugawa World

This book seeks to describe how Japan manipulated existing diplomatic channels to ensure national security. Rather, far from aiming at seclusion, Japan's diplomacy in the seventeenth century was orchestrated to achieve certain objectives, both outside the country and inside it. The aim was to build Japan into an autonomous center of its own. Since the country was "closed," elaborate and expensive foreign embassies were obliged to make the journey to Edo. Countries which were perceived as potential threats, such as Portugal and Spain, were excluded from this process. Only those such as the Chinese and the Dutch, with whom trade was recognized as desirable, were allowed a supervised presence in Japan itself. Closing the gates to Japan was not the object. Rather, carefully judging just when they should be open and shut was the aim.

State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan

These papers by leading specialists on sixteenth-century Japan explore Japan's transition from medieval (Chusei) to early modern (Kinsei) society. During this time, regional lords (daimyo) first battled for local autonomy and then for national supremacy. Originally published in 1981. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Japan Before Tokugawa

This book is an introduction the Japanese history, culture, and society from 1185 - the beginning of the Kamakura period - through the end of the Edo period in 1868.

Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan

The Collapse of the Tokugawa Bakufu

Human existence is fundamentally defined by time. Throughout history and across cultures, societies have negotiated time in various ways. This monograph studies temporality as it emerges from diaries produced by government officials during the late thirteenth century in Japan, thereby contributing a perspective gleaned from non-literary texts to the study of time in the social sphere of noble elites in the Kamakura period. In synthesising different approaches to the study of time, it analyses various aspects of time to obtain a comprehensive picture of how time is expressed in these diaries, scrutinise the time practices that they disclose, and reflect on related conceptualisations and evaluations of time. The monograph argues that we may discern a plurality of coexisting modes of time and that certain aspects and concerns took precedence over others in different situations depending on the symbolic forms that dominated them. As part of the 'Time in Medieval Japan' (TIMEJ) research project of the University of Zurich, this research aims to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of medieval Japan as multi-faceted society with diverse approaches to time.

Time in Diaries of Court and Bakufu Officials in the Late 13th Century

The Laws of the Muromachi Bakufu

Court and Bakufu in Japan

The Muromachi Bakufu in Medieval Kyoto

Warrior Government in Early Medieval Japan

Central Government in Medieval Japan

The Shogunate system in Japan, established in the late 12th century and enduring until the mid-19th century, was a feudal regime under which the shoguns, or military dictators, held actual power while the emperor remained a symbolic figure. The system began with Minamoto no Yoritomo's establishment of the Kamakura Shogunate in 1185, marking a shift from court aristocracy to military governance. This was followed by the Ashikaga and the Tokugawa Shogunates, each governing during relatively stable periods punctuated by internal strife and power struggles between rival feudal lords, known as daimyo. The Tokugawa Shogunate, the last and most enduring, established a rigid class structure and isolationist policies, maintaining peace through strict social order and foreign policy controls. The shogunate system was eventually dismantled during the Meiji Restoration in 1868, as Japan modernized and centralized its government, transitioning to imperial rule and opening to the world.